In daily life, people always refer to steel and iron together as “acero”. It can be seen that steel and iron should be a kind of substance; in fact, from a scientific point of view, steel and iron have a little Different, their main components are all iron, but the amount of carbon contained is different. We usually call “pig iron” with a carbon content above 2%, y “acero” with a carbon content below this value. Por lo tanto, in the process of smelting iron and steel, iron-containing ore is first smelted into molten pig iron in a blast furnace (blast furnace), and then the molten pig iron is put into a steelmaking furnace to be refined into steel. Antes de construir el andamio, acero (steel billet or strip) is used to make steel pipes, por ejemplo, carbon steel billets can be made into steel pipes with hollow sections through hot rolling and cold rolling processes (carbon steel seamless tubes)
El proceso de fabricación de tubos de acero sin costura se divide principalmente en dos pasos principales:
1. laminación en caliente (tubo de acero sin costura extruido): palanquilla de tubo redondo → calefacción → perforación → laminado cruzado de tres rodillos, laminación continua o extrusión → pelado → dimensionamiento (o reduciendo) →refrigeración →enderezamiento →prueba hidráulica (o detección de fallas) →marcado →almacenamiento
2. Estirado en frío (arrollado) tubo de acero sin costura: tubo redondo en blanco → calentamiento → perforación → encabezado → recocido → decapado → aceitado (revestimiento de cobre)→estirado en frío de varias pasadas (laminado en frio)→tubo en blanco→tratamiento térmico→enderezamiento →prueba hidrostática (detección de fallas) →marcado →almacenamiento.
The raw materials needed for the production of iron and steel are divided into four categories and discussed separately: the first category discusses various iron-containing ore raw materials; the second category discusses coal and coke; The flux (or flux) of slag, such as limestone, etc.; the last category is various auxiliary raw materials, such as scrap steel, oxígeno, etc.